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                <text>Nguyen Thuong Kham Thien, whose real name is Nguyen Dai Hai, was born in 1939 in Hanoi. During the 1954 exodus of nearly 1 million people from the North to the South, his relatives all boarded ships going south. However, his father did not let the family go because he followed the resistance. In 1955, when land reform occurred, the North Vietnam government confiscated his family’s property and boat, and denounced his family members publicly. His parents were imprisoned even though his father was a party member. His grandfather used to be the Chief of the commune, and provide shelter for resistance fighters. During the struggle session, however, denouncers called him a wicked landlord and then shot him dead. Thien witnessed the tragedy with his own eyes, and vowed to avenge his family's suffering and his grandfather’s death. In 1956, after a “correction campaign” was launched, his parents were released. The family then relocated to Hanoi and settled in Kham Thien street. After that he studied electricity, then worked for the Electricity Department. In 1970, he switched to Hanoi Radio and Television Broadcasting. In 1972, he was lucky to survive during the B52 carpet bombing in Kham Thien street, which was a target of the Operation Linebacker II campaign. At first, he misunderstood that the United States had invaded and liberated the North. After this event, he changed his name from Nguyen Dai Hai to Nguyen Thuong Kham Thien. On April 30, 1975, when he heard the news that the North had won, he was very sad for the South. In 1979, the Vietnam-China border war broke out, his oldest son had to join the army but did not take part in direct combat on the battlefield. In 1980, Thien compiled his political ideas in a pamphlet for distribution, planning to urge the people to overthrow the communist government. However, he was arrested before he could hand out the leaflets and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. After returning from prison, he went to Saigon and worked as a sculptor, making rice-based figures to make a living. He planned to flee the country by crossing the borders. In 1994, he successfully fled to Bangkok, went to the US and French embassies and was accepted under political asylum. After moving to the United States, he settled in Houston, Texas and lived on SSI income. Nguyễn Thượng Khâm Thiên, tên thật là Nguyễn Đại Hải, sinh năm 1939 tại Hà Nội. Trong cuộc di cư năm 1954 của gần 1 triệu người miền Bắc vào miền Nam, họ hàng của ông đều lên tàu thủy đi vào Nam. Tuy nhiên, cha ông không cho gia đình đi vì ông cụ theo kháng chiến. Đến năm 1955 thì xảy ra cải cách ruộng đất, gia đình ông bị tịch thu hết nhà cửa, tàu thuyền, rồi bị đấu tố. Cha mẹ ông bị bắt giam dù cha ông là đảng viên. Ông ngoại từng là Chánh Tổng của xã, có thời gian che chở cho cán bộ kháng chiến. Đến lúc đấu tố thì lại gọi cụ là cường hào gian ác, đem cụ ra bắn. Sau khi chứng kiến bi kịch của gia đình, ông thề quyết trả nợ nước thù nhà. Năm 1956, sau chiến dịch sửa sai, cha mẹ ông được thả. Gia đình di cư lên Hà Nội và định cư tại phố Khâm Thiên. Sau đó ông học nghề điện, rồi làm việc cho Cục điện lực. Đến năm 1970 ông chuyển sang Đài Phát thanh truyền hình. Năm 1972, ông may mắn thoát chết trong vụ máy bay B52 ném bom rải thảm ở phố Khâm Thiên. Lúc đầu ông hiểu lầm là Mỹ đã đánh ra và giải phóng miền Bắc, bản thân không cần phải nuôi chí trả thù chính quyền cộng sản nữa. Sau sự kiện này, ông đổi tên từ Nguyễn Đại Hải thành Nguyễn Thượng Khâm Thiên. Ngày 30/04/75 khi nghe tin miền Bắc thắng, ông rất buồn cho người miền Nam. Năm 1979, chiến tranh biên giới Việt Trung bùng nổ, con trai lớn của ông phải đi bộ đội nhưng không trực tiếp chiến đấu. Năm 1980, ông đề ra cương lĩnh chính trị, lập kế hoạch tuyên truyền nhân dân nổi lên lật đổ chính phủ. Tuy nhiên ông bị bắt trước khi kịp tung truyền đơn và bị kết án tù 10 năm. Sau khi ở tù về, ông vào Sài Gòn làm nghề nắn tượng để sinh sống và tích cóp tiền vượt biên. Năm 1994, ông vượt biên sang Băng Cốc thành công, tìm đến đại sứ quán Mỹ và Pháp và được chấp nhận tỵ nạn chính trị. Sau khi sang Mỹ, ông định cư ở Houston, Texas và sống bằng tiền trợ cấp SSI. The Vietnamese in the Diaspora Digital Archive (ViDDA) is a grassroots collection of interviews conducted and supported through The Vietnamese American Heritage Foundation (VAHF) to provide oral history resources for students, researchers, the general public about the Vietnamese community living abroad. These interviews were conducted and filmed entirely by volunteers as part of the national 500 Oral Histories Project.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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Thanh Chuong District, Nghe An Province&#13;
Hue Court&#13;
Mandarin&#13;
Phan Boi Chau’s Dong Du [Eastern Study] Movement&#13;
Mong Cai&#13;
Tra Co Village&#13;
Vietnamese Career Journalist Association&#13;
Bien Hoa Highway&#13;
Ho Chi Minh&#13;
Vietnamese Nationalist Party/ Vietnamese Kuomintang&#13;
Kim Lien in Nam Dan District&#13;
Nguyen Sinh Sac&#13;
Nguyen Ai Quoc&#13;
Nghe An Province&#13;
Nguyen Tat Thanh&#13;
National School of Overseas France (École nationale de la France d’Outre-Mer)&#13;
Colonial Administrator&#13;
Communism&#13;
Soviet Union&#13;
Scholar Nghe&#13;
Thanh Trung degree&#13;
Year of the Rooster Famine&#13;
French colonial government&#13;
August Revolution&#13;
Nguyen Hai Than’s Nationalist Party&#13;
Nguyen Manh Con&#13;
Do Trong Thi&#13;
Nguyen Tuong Tam&#13;
President Truman&#13;
National Assembly Elections&#13;
Democratic Republic of Vietnam&#13;
Great Migration (1954)&#13;
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Ha Noi&#13;
Bac Ninh, Bac Giang&#13;
Thai Nguyen&#13;
Resistance Interzone Committee 3&#13;
Major General Chu Van Tan&#13;
Geneva Accords&#13;
17th Parallel&#13;
Vietnamese National Military Academy in Da Lat&#13;
Public Denouncements&#13;
Religious Discrimination&#13;
Hai Phong&#13;
Mr. Landsdale (advisor to President Diem)&#13;
Hai Duong&#13;
Land Reform&#13;
People’s Court (grievance court)&#13;
Mr. Chinh Trieu (district chief)&#13;
Ngo Sy Lien High School&#13;
Le Hong Long (musician)&#13;
Petit Bourgeoisies&#13;
Cat Thang Long&#13;
Vu Thu Yen&#13;
Propaganda&#13;
Vo Nguyen Giap&#13;
Truong Chinh (general secretary)&#13;
Chairman Mao Trach Dong&#13;
Stalin&#13;
Scholar Mac Dinh Chi&#13;
Dr. Nguyen Van Huyen (Education Minister)&#13;
Le Loi Lam Viec [Reforming the Way We Work]&#13;
Tran Van Tien&#13;
Dien Bien Phu&#13;
Ngo Dinh Diem&#13;
Strategic Hamlet Program&#13;
Duong Van Minh&#13;
Vietnamese National Liberation Front&#13;
Nguyen Chanh Thi&#13;
Independence Palace&#13;
Vu Van Mau&#13;
Nguyen Van Tuyen&#13;
Gia Long Palace&#13;
U.S.&#13;
Americans&#13;
war correspondent&#13;
Tet Offensive&#13;
Fall of Saigon&#13;
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American Embassy&#13;
North Vietnamese occupation in Hue&#13;
Phu Ngoc Phan&#13;
Tuoi Tre Cuoi&#13;
Nguyen Dac Xuan&#13;
Hoang Ngoc Tuong&#13;
Pol Pot&#13;
Eddie Adam (photographer)&#13;
General Nguyen Ngoc Loan&#13;
Nguyen Van Le&#13;
Captain Carly&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
Additionally, this interview was recorded in the process of producing VIETNAMERICA, a feature-length film and follow-up to the short documentary, Master Hoa's Requiem. Not all interview materials were included in the final film. The film follows Master Hoa back to Southeast Asia to search for the graves of his wife and two children. Hoa escaped Vietnam in 1981 on a boat with his family and friends. He is the sole survivor.</text>
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                <text>Nguyen Thanh Chieu, also known by his pen name Thanh Thuong Hoang,  was a journalist, novelist, and war correspondent in Vietnam between 1953 to 1975. His grandfather and father were both part of the anti-colonial resistance. He recounts what he heard and read about Ho Chi Minh, his influence,  propaganda and the communist party. Nguyen Thanh Chieu recalls accounts of public denouncements and describes his own denouncement and reeducation. He also recounts his experiences and opinions of the Great Migration of 1954, the Tet Offensive, the Fall of Saigon, and the My Lai incident. </text>
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